ArticleBMC public health2025
Psychological impact of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes on non-victims: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of psychological interventions for adult survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Burden and Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety Symptoms, and Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Eastern Shan State, Myanmar: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Mental health service use after the Van Earthquake: evidence from a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Correlation Between Coronary Artery Ectasia and Past Stressful Life Events and Psychological Hardiness: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- The influence of disaster knowledge, official trust, and sources of warning information on public risk perception in typhoon-prone areas of China: a structural equation modeling analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of psychological first aid training for disaster nursing: a mixed-method study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Post-Traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth in firefighters: examining the moderating effects of resilience on occupational safety behaviors.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Psychological distress, resilience, and well-being among survivors of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: a multi-site cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes, with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6, caused extensive destruction and psychological distress across southeastern Turkey. This study explores the psychological impact on non-victims, particularly Istanbul residents, focusing on mental health outcomes and coping mechanisms. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2024 with 721 participants from various Turkish cities, including a significant portion from Istanbul. Validated psychological scales such as the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) measured depression, anxiety, well-being, and PTSD symptoms. Sociodemographic factors like age, gender, occupation, income, education level, and previous earthquake experience were also analyzed.Results showed significant psychological distress among non-victims: 51.9% reported high levels of distress, with 24% meeting PTSD criteria, 30% exhibiting moderate to severe depression, and 28% experiencing significant anxiety. Higher income and education levels correlated with better mental health outcomes. Higher education levels were linked to lower PTSD risk (β = -0.20, p < 0.01) and fewer depression symptoms (β = -0.15, p < 0.05). Higher income was associated with lower depression scores (β = -0.20, p < 0.01) and fewer PTSD symptoms (β = -0.15, p < 0.05). Age positively correlated with well-being (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and negatively with PTSD symptoms (r = -0.15, p < 0.05).Comparisons with victim studies of major earthquakes, such as the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake, the 1999 Marmara earthquake, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and the 2000 Iceland earthquakes, revealed similar profound psychological impacts. This highlights the need for comprehensive mental health interventions for both direct and indirect exposures. This study underscores the necessity for inclusive mental health strategies to enhance resilience and well-being, ensuring robust recovery after catastrophic events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.