Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39948487›Full record

ArticleBMC medical research methodology2025

The reliance on conceptual frameworks in qualitative research - a way forward.

Joanna E M Sale, Leslie Carlin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Joanna E M SaleMusculoskeletal Health and Outcomes Research, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. Joanna.Sale@unityhealth.to.
Leslie CarlinDepartment of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 160-500 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V7, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile acknowledging that theory can be critical to scientific progress, we are concerned about instances of its tendency to encroach on, or replace, deep engagement with data in qualitative research. We discuss conceptual frameworks' role in conducting and teaching qualitative research.

methodsWe address three questions about our attachment as researchers to theory through conceptual frameworks: (1) What do conceptual frameworks offer qualitative research?; (2) Why do researchers use and teach conceptual frameworks in qualitative research?; and (3) How can we practice and teach rigour while integrating conceptual frameworks in qualitative research?

resultsOne way that theory may be misused in qualitative research is in the development and reliance on conceptual frameworks as a prescription for data collection and analysis. We suggest possible ways forward to ensure rigour while integrating frameworks in qualitative research, such as examining the evolution of our own theoretical perspectives.

conclusionsWe need to impart to our students the value of thinking deeply about their own data, of knowing what came before, and of taking the time and making an effort to unite these strands into novel and interesting results.

Indexed as

Qualitative ResearchResearch DesignHumansResearch PersonnelConceptual frameworksCritical appraisalData analysisQualitative researchReflexivityRole of theory

Identifiers

PMID39948487
PMCPMC11823033

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.