Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39948385›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2025

Assessment, detection, and validation of clinical associations of thirdhand smoke exposure (ADVOCATE) study protocol.

E Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Georg E Matt, Nicolas Lopez-Galvez, Eunha Hoh, Penelope J E Quintana, Nathan G Dodder, Roman A Jandarov, Lara Stone, Chase A Wullenweber, Jasjit S Ahluwalia and 1 more

Abstract readValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

E Melinda Mahabee-GittensDivison of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. melinda.mahabee-gittens@cchmc.org.
Georg E MattDepartment of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nicolas Lopez-GalvezSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Eunha HohSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Penelope J E QuintanaSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nathan G DodderSchool of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Roman A JandarovDivision of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Lara StoneDivison of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Chase A WullenweberDivison of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Jasjit S AhluwaliaDepartment of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Ashley L MerianosSchool of Human Services, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Funding

Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure in a Pediatric Patient PopulationR01ES030743 · NIEHS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI MAHABEE-GITTENS, E. MELINDA · 2019 to 2023
$2.9M
Reducing Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department SettingK01DA044313 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI MERIANOS, ASHLEY L · 2017 to 2021
$727k
Distinguishing Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke and Electronic Cigarettes among U.S. Children based on Multiple Biomarker ProfilesR21ES032161 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI MERIANOS, ASHLEY L · 2020 to 2021
$467k
NIDA NIH HHS K01 DA044313NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES030743NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES032161
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThirdhand smoke (THS) pollution is the residue of secondhand smoke (SHS) remaining in homes long after active smoking has ceased. This study is the first to characterize the clinical correlates of THS exposure (THSe) in children independent of secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe). The prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco smoke exposure patterns, sources, clinical, and biomarker effects associated with THSe will be examined.

methodSmoking and nonsmoking parents and their 0-11-year-olds (N = 1013) were recruited. Children were categorized into tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) groups via biochemical validation with salivary cotinine and hand nicotine: (1) no exposure group (NEG); (2) THSe-only group (TEG); and (3) Mixed SHSe and THSe group (MEG). At enrollment, 6-weeks, and 6-months, parental assessments and children's biological and home samples were obtained and analyzed for SHSe, THSe, THS pollution, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.

resultsThe mean (SD) child age was 5.8 (3.4) years; 50.7% were female; and 97% were non-Hispanic (97.0%); 67.5% were White, 25.7% were Black, 6.8% were Other/unknown race. In total, 57.9%, 18.2%, and 21.9% were classified in the NEG, TEG, and MEG, respectively. Sample and data analyses are ongoing.

conclusionThis project will provide unique insights into how THSe in the absence of SHSe affects the clinical, inflammatory, and oxidative responses in children. IMPACT: This is the first prospective longitudinal study to examine the prevalence of thirdhand smoke exposure in children of nonsmokers. Unlike prior tobacco smoke exposure research, this study will examine the contribution of thirdhand smoke exposure to pediatric health outcomes. Results will provide unique insights into how thirdhand smoke exposure in the absence of secondhand smoke exposure affects the clinical, inflammatory, and oxidative responses in children of nonsmokers.

Indexed as

Environmental ExposureTobacco Smoke PollutionBiomarkersChildChild, PreschoolCotinineFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleNicotineOxidative StressPrevalenceProspective StudiesSalivaBiomarkersCotinineNicotineTobacco Smoke Pollution

Identifiers

PMID39948385
PMCPMC12343927

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.