SynthesisEvidence-based dentistry2025
The impact of e-cigarette use on periodontal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Evidence-based dentistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- An Umbrella Review of E-Cigarettes' Impact on Oral Microbiota and Biofilm Buildup.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Salivary RANKL/OPG and Periodontal Status Among Users of Heated Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes Versus Non-Smokers: A Prospective Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Subclinical Oxidative and Matrix-Regulatory Alterations Associated with Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Use in Periodontally Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- From bugs to behavior: targeting the gut-brain interface for addiction therapeutics.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Trying to clear the air: e-cigarette use and periodontal disease.British dental journal · 2025Review
- Smoking Knowledge and Behaviors in a Population of Italian Students in Dental Hygiene or Other Health Disciplines.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundElectronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS, e-cigarettes) are a popular alternative to traditional tobacco smoking.
objectiveTo evaluate the effect of ENDS use on periodontal health.
methodsA protocol was published in accordance with PRISMA standards. Subjects with periodontal health, gingivitis and periodontitis were included. Reviews, case reports, letters, abstracts, narratives and expert opinions were excluded. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source up until February 2024. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, ROBINS-I and the RoB 2 tools.
results40 eligible studies were included. Smokers had poorer clinical outcomes than ENDS users and non-smokers/former smokers, apart from bleeding on probing and gingival indices. There was no difference between ENDS users and non-smokers/former smokers in markers of periodontal destruction (pocket probing depths/marginal bone loss). ENDS users had higher plaque scores than non-smokers/former smokers. ENDS use leads to unique microbial changes compared to tobacco smokers and higher pro-inflammatory markers compared to non-smokers/former smokers.
conclusionWithin the limitations of the included studies which are at high risk of bias, we found evidence that ENDS use had some impact on periodontal parameters compared to non-smokers/former smokers. Tobacco smokers had consistently worst outcomes. REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2024: CRD42024496560.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.