Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39947323›Full record

ArticleJournal of advanced research2025

Caffeine intake associated with a lower risk of liver fibrosis in different glucose status.

Jiahao Han, Chuan Liu, Huanhuan Yang, Zihe Dong, Xiaoguo Li, Ruixia Gao, Jie Li, Qun Zhang, Wai-Kit Ming, Zhihui Li and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of advanced research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Association of coffee consumption with diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Jiahao HanLiver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Nanjing, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Nanjing, China; Department of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Chuan LiuLiver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Nanjing, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Nanjing, China.
Huanhuan YangVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Zihe DongInstitute of Portal Hypertension, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Xiaoguo LiLiver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Nanjing, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Nanjing, China; Institute of Portal Hypertension, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Ruixia GaoDepartment of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Jie LiDepartment of Infectious Disease, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Qun ZhangDepartment of Infectious Disease, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
Wai-Kit MingDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Zhihui LiVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jia LiDepartment of Ultrasound, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: 13951609892@163.com.
Xiaolong QiLiver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Nanjing, China; Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: qixiaolong@vip.163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsTo investigate the prevalence of liver fibrosis, and the association between caffeine intake and fibrosis in populations with different glucose metabolism status.

methodsThis was a cross-sectional study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-March 2020). Of the 39,221 adult individuals with no necessary laboratory results missing, a total of 23,711 eligible individuals were included in the study. Individuals were divided into T2DM, prediabetes, and diabetes-free groups. Fibrosis-4 index was calculated to evaluate the risk of liver fibrosis. Caffeine intake was obtained through a 24-hour dietary recall.

resultsThe mean ± SE age of prediabetes group was 53 ± 0·4 years, and in type 2 diabetes mellitus group, the individuals have a mean ± SE age of 62 ± 0·3 years. The participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly higher risk of liver fibrosis than those with prediabetes or normal glucose tolerance (5·9% vs. 3·2% vs. 2·5%, P < 0·001). Compared to individuals with daily caffeine intake < 78 mg, individuals with daily caffeine intake ≥ 78 mg had significantly lower risk of liver fibrosis in all subgroups (odds ratio: diabetes-free group: 0·698[0·577-0·846]; prediabetes group: 0·553[0·397-0·769]; type 2 diabetes mellitus group: 0·720[0·556-0·933]; all P < 0·05).

conclusionsPrevalence of liver fibrosis is high in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes. It is indicated that individuals with prediabetes should also be screened for fibrosis. Caffeine intake ≥ 78 mg per day is associated with a lower risk of liver fibrosis.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseCaffeineDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Liver CirrhosisPrediabetic StateAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlucoseHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysPrevalenceRisk FactorsBlood GlucoseCaffeineGlucoseCaffeineLiver fibrosisNonalcoholic fatty liver diseasePrediabetesType 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID39947323
PMCPMC12684903

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.