Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39945823›Full record

ArticleBasic research in cardiology2025

Associations between female sex hormones, estrous cycle, ischemic preconditioning and myocardial infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Tetiana Pylova, Ahmed Elmahdy, Maryna Krasnikova, Abhishek Jha, Erik Axel Andersson, Yalda Kakaei, Aaron Shekka Espinosa, Amin Al-Awar, Ermir Zulfaj, Amirali Nejat and 6 more

Abstract read
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Article in Basic research in cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Female sex as a possible factor associated with favorable long-term outcomes in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.Postepy w kardiologii interwencyjnej = Advances in interventional cardiology · 2026
    Article
  6. In vitro sex-specific function-structure relationship in neonatal rat cardiac monolayers.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Tetiana Pylova *Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden. tetiana.pylova@wlab.gu.se.ORCID 0000-0002-6041-8690
Ahmed Elmahdy *Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Maryna KrasnikovaDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Abhishek JhaDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Erik Axel AnderssonDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Yalda KakaeiDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Aaron Shekka EspinosaDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Amin Al-AwarDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ermir ZulfajDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Amirali NejatDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Valentyna SevastianovaDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Mana KalaniDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Henrik RybergDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Åsa TivestenDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Elmir OmerovicDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Björn RedforsDepartment of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bla Straket 5 B Wallenberglab/SU, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Funding

H2020 European Research Council 948665Hjärt-Lungfonden 20180555
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Studies on sex differences in myocardial infarction (MI) typically focus on males versus females, the exploration of hormonal physiologic variations and their impact on the infarct size remains limited. The objective of this study was to examine whether infarct size after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in female rats differs in different phases of the estrous cycle, and according to the levels of sex hormones; and to assess whether the effect of ischemic preconditioning on infarct size varies in different phases of the estrous cycle and between sexes. Female rats were divided into three groups based on the estrous cycle: proestrus, estrus, and diestrus. A fourth group consisted of ovariectomized female rats. Male rats were included as a fifth group, and orchiectomized males as a sixth group. Each group underwent ischemia/reperfusion injury, with or without prior ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Plasma sex hormone levels were measured with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Females in the proestrus showed significantly smaller infarct size compared to all other groups. Multivariable analyses identified proestrus, IPC, and estradiol as independent predictors of smaller infarct size while male sex and gonadectomy as independent predictors of larger infarct size. There was a statistical interaction between IPC and both sex and hormonal status, with a greater protective effect of IPC on infarct size in males and gonadectomized rats. After ischemia-reperfusion, proestrus female rats developed the smallest while male and gonadectomized rats the largest infarct size. Conversely, IPC conferred greater cardioprotection in male and gonadectomized rats than females in proestrus.

Indexed as

Estrous CycleGonadal Steroid HormonesIschemic Preconditioning, MyocardialMyocardial InfarctionMyocardial Reperfusion InjuryMyocardiumAnimalsDisease Models, AnimalEstradiolFemaleMaleOrchiectomyOvariectomyRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySex FactorsEstradiolGonadal Steroid HormonesHormonal preconditioningIschemia–reperfusion injuryIschemic preconditioningMyocardial infarction

Identifiers

PMID39945823
PMCPMC11976772

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.