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ArticleCurrent HIV research2025

Integrated Computational Analysis of C-2 Substituted Pyrazolopyrimidine and Amide Isosteres ALLINI: 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Studies.

Aakanksha Kunwar, Gondaliya Krishna N, Vijay M Khedkar, Prakash C Jha

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Article in Current HIV research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 authors.

Aakanksha KunwarSchool of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India.
Gondaliya Krishna NSchool of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India.
Vijay M KhedkarSchool of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, 411048, India.
Prakash C JhaSchool of Applied Material Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India.ORCID 0000-0002-1709-511X

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6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe rapid increase in incidences of drug resistance and off-target toxicity in the case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased the demand for drugs with fewer side effects. HIV-1 Integrase (IN) is a promising target that helps integrate viral DNA with human DNA. It acts as a target for strand transfer inhibitors. However, the emergence of resistant mutations in the proteins necessitates the exploration of potent allosteric drugs. The allosteric integrase inhibitors (ALLINI) that interrupt the association of the integrase binding domain of the lens epithelium growth factor (LEDGF/p75) and LEDGF/p75 binding site of the IN are more promising as they hinder site specificity and viral replication.

objectiveIn this study, a 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and ADMET were carried out to investigate the binding of the C2-pyrazolopyrimidine amides and amide isosteres.

methodThe 3D-QSAR model was developed using a series of 24 C-2 substituted pyrazolopyrimidine and amide isosteres. A statistically significant model was constructed, showing the determination coefficient (r2) and five-fold cross-validation (q2) at 0.946 and 0.506, respectively. Furthermore, the contour maps of the electrostatic potential and van der Waals coefficient provided structural modifications in the features to improve the inhibitory activity.

resultA molecular docking study was also performed to check the binding of the compounds to the LEDGF/p75 binding site of the IN, along with ADMET evaluation.

conclusionThe outcome of the study will help to prepare the potent molecules with enhanced allosteric inhibitory activity.

Indexed as

AmidesHIV-1HIV IntegraseHIV Integrase InhibitorsPyrazolesPyrimidinesBinding SitesHumansMolecular Docking SimulationQuantitative Structure-Activity RelationshipAmidesHIV IntegraseHIV Integrase Inhibitorsp31 integrase protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1PyrazolesPyrimidines3D-QSARADMET.ALLINIsC2-pyrazolopyrimidineselectrostatic potentialLEDGF/p75molecular dockingstrand transfer inhibitorsvan der Waals

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