Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39945057›Full record

ArticleMolecular nutrition & food research2025

The Yeast-Fermented Garlic and a Balance of Spermine/Spermidine Activates Autophagy via EGR1 Transcriptional Factor.

Kun Xie, Satoshi Yano, Jinyun Wang, Shota Yamakoshi, Tomoe Ohta, Takuhiro Uto, Maiko Sakai, Xi He, Kaichi Yoshizaki, Takumi Kubota and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular nutrition & food research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kun XieLaboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.ORCID 0009-0009-4501-7395
Satoshi YanoLaboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Jinyun WangLaboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Shota YamakoshiLaboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.
Tomoe OhtaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan.
Takuhiro UtoFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan.
Maiko SakaiDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Xi HeCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Kaichi YoshizakiDepartment of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Aichi, Japan.
Takumi KubotaTenshindo Co. Ltd, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Kohta OhnishiDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
Taichi HaraLaboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.

Funding

MEXT JSPS KAKENHI 20H00574MEXT JSPS KAKENHI 20H03408MEXT JSPS KAKENHI 24KF0073Takeda Science FoundationThe JSBBA (Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry)Waseda University Grant for Advanced Research Center for Human SciencesWaseda University Grant for Special Research Project
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spermine (SPM) and spermidine (SPD) are polyamines found in all organisms, and their concentrations can be regulated by ingestion. We demonstrated that yeast-fermented garlic (YF) extract significantly increased autophag flux in OUMS-36T-1 and HeLa cells expressing the fluorescent probe (GFP-LC3-RFP-LC3ΔG). YF-induced increase of autophagy occurred independently of mTORC1 signaling, and RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that EGR1 was the most significantly altered gene in YF-treated OUMS-36T-1 cells. YF-treated EGR1-deficient HAP1 cells displayed reduced autophagic flux (p < 0.05). YF-induced increasing of autophagic flux occurred via a specific SPM/SPD ratio. HAP1 cells treated with equivalent amounts of SPD or SPM as that found in YF did not increase autophagic flux (p > 0.05); however, treatment with SPD and SPM in the same ratio as that found in YF increased autophagic flux (p < 0.05). This specific SPM/SPD ratio reduced MG132-induced proteostress via EGR1-dependent pathways (p < 0.05). Thus, the SPM/SPD balance may regulate autophagy via EGR1-dependent pathways, and controlling this balance may provide a strategy to maintain cellular homeostasis.

Indexed as

AutophagyEarly Growth Response Protein 1GarlicSpermidineSpermineCell LineFermentationHeLa CellsHumansPlant ExtractsSignal TransductionEarly Growth Response Protein 1EGR1 protein, humanPlant ExtractsSpermidineSpermineautophagyEGR1garlicspermidinesperminetranscriptome analysis

Identifiers

PMID39945057
PMCPMC11874185

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.