ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Immune conversations at the border: meningeal immunity in health and disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Clinical and preclinical evidence of meningeal immunity and glymphatic pathways in stroke: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Sleep-Wake Dysregulation in Human African Trypanosomiasis: From Neuroinvasion to Neuronal Dysfunction.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Review
- SNAP-23 mediated vesicular trafficking in oligodendrocytes is necessary to maintain adult myelin integrity in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Aging Meninges: Anatomical and Immunological Remodeling as Emerging Diagnostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Senescence-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Lipid Road to Neuroimmunology: Fatty Acids Linking Immune and Nervous Systems.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Emerging roles for innate and adaptive immunity in tauopathies.Cell reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The brain and spinal cord, collectively known as the central nervous system, are encapsulated by an overlapping series of membranes known as the meninges. Once considered primarily a physical barrier for central nervous system protection, the bordering meninges are now recognized as highly immunologically active. The meninges host diverse resident immune cells and serve as a critical interface with peripheral immunity, playing multifaceted roles in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis, responding to pathogenic threats, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes recent advancements in our understanding of meningeal immunity including its structural composition, physiological functions, and role in health and disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.