ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Changes in donor lymphocyte infusion for relapsed patients post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a 30-year single-center experience.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Strategies to prevent post-transplant relapse in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.International journal of hematology · 2026Review
- Case Report: Immune-directed post-transplant maintenance with low-dose gemtuzumab ozogamicin and stepwise donor lymphocyte infusion in acute myeloid leukemia with t(1;3)(p36.3;q21).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Combined umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation with donor lymphocyte infusion for R/R AML post CAR-CLL1 failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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22 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is a therapeutic approach for relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Despite their reported efficacy, the evolution of DLI practices over time remains underexplored. Methods: This study provided a comprehensive analysis of DLI strategies and outcomes over 30 years at a single institution. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 75 patients who underwent DLI for disease relapse between April 1994 and March 2024. The primary endpoint was the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate after DLI. Secondary endpoints included the 100-day complete remission (CR) rate and incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Results: The median age at the first DLI was 49 years (range, 20-69 years). The most common underlying diseases in all 75 cases were acute myeloid leukemia (AML, n = 46) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n = 12). Until 2014, DLI was only performed in patients with AML (n = 14), MDS (n = 2), or chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 5). However, since 2015, patients with various diseases, including lymphoid malignancies, have also undergone DLI. Azacitidine was the most frequently used combination therapy with DLI (n = 34). Regimens including venetoclax and FLT3 inhibitors have been commonly used since 2019 (n = 18). The 3-year OS rate was 29.1% (95% CI, 18.8-40.2%). Factors negatively influencing OS included age ≥50 years and a high or very high refined disease risk index. The 100-day CR rate was 52.1%, and acute GVHD occurred in 25.3% of the patients, with no strong correlation between GVHD incidence and CR achievement. Among 18 patients who underwent three or more DLIs since 2018, 88.9% achieved remission following DLI or second HSCT, with a median follow-up of 949.5 days for survivors. Conclusion: This study highlighted the evolving trends in DLI practices and the diversification of combination therapies. Future research should focus on further validating these findings and optimizing DLI protocols to improve patient outcomes.
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