Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39944519›Full record

ReviewTherapeutic advances in infectious disease

The impact of climate change on the epidemiology of fungal infections: implications for diagnosis, treatment, and public health strategies.

Mary E George, Tonisha T Gaitor, David B Cluck, Andrés F Henao-Martínez, Nicholas R Sells, Daniel B Chastain

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Therapeutic advances in infectious disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. An Overview of MajorJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Microorganisms · 2025
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mary E GeorgeUniversity of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Albany, GA, USA.
Tonisha T GaitorUniversity of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA.
David B CluckDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3656-1144
Andrés F Henao-MartínezDivision of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-8652
Nicholas R SellsDivision of Infectious Diseases, Director of Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiologist, Mount Sinai Morningside, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Daniel B ChastainDepartment of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 1000 Jefferson Street, Albany, GA 31701, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-0195

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change, primarily driven by greenhouse gas emissions, is reshaping ecosystems and creating conditions that affect 58% of all known human infectious diseases, including fungal infections. Specifically, increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are influencing fungal growth, distribution, and virulence. These factors may expand the geographic range of pathogenic fungi, exposing populations to novel, potentially more virulent, or drug-resistant strains. Simultaneously, human factors such as declining immunity, aging populations, and increased use of immunosuppressive therapies are enhancing host susceptibility. This review explores the intricate relationship between climate change and fungal infections, highlighting pathogens that may demonstrate increased virulence and antifungal resistance, along with emerging novel pathogens. The clinical implications are profound, with increased morbidity, mortality, and the spread of fungal infections into new regions. Immediate action is required to develop policies, educational initiatives, and novel antifungal therapies, enhance early diagnostic capabilities, and address healthcare disparities to mitigate the growing burden of fungal infections.

Indexed as

antifungal agentsclimate changeextreme weatherfungihealthcare disparitiesmycosestemperature

Identifiers

PMID39944519
PMCPMC11815821

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.