Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39944297›Full record

ArticleRoyal Society open science2025

Humpback whale song complexity and evolution on a northwestern Pacific breeding ground: Okinawa, Japan.

Eleanor M Marwood, Franca Eichenberger, Nozomi Kobayashi, Haruna Okabe, Sachie Ozawa, Luke Rendell, Ellen C Garland

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Royal Society open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Eleanor M MarwoodSea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-9316
Franca EichenbergerSea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-4792
Nozomi KobayashiOkinawa Churashima Research Institute, Okinawa Churashima Foundation (OCF), Motobu, Okinawa, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7132-6601
Haruna OkabeOkinawa Churashima Research Institute, Okinawa Churashima Foundation (OCF), Motobu, Okinawa, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8636-0888
Sachie OzawaOkinawa Churashima Research Institute, Okinawa Churashima Foundation (OCF), Motobu, Okinawa, Japan.
Luke RendellSea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-9142
Ellen C GarlandSea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8240-1267

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Male humpback whales (

Indexed as

cultural evolutioncultural transmissionhumpback whaleJapanOkinawasong

Identifiers

PMID39944297
PMCPMC11813571

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.