Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39943263›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Stacking Ensemble Deep Learning for Real-Time Intrusion Detection in IoMT Environments.

Easa Alalwany, Bader Alsharif, Yazeed Alotaibi, Abdullah Alfahaid, Imad Mahgoub, Mohammad Ilyas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Easa AlalwanyCollege of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Yanbu 46421, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-0948-0069
Bader AlsharifDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.ORCID 0009-0005-4481-6217
Yazeed AlotaibiMinistry of National Guard, King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh 14625, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah AlfahaidCollege of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Yanbu 46421, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0003-2773-5544
Imad MahgoubDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4461-7307
Mohammad IlyasDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2601-0162

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling advanced patient care through interconnected medical devices and systems. However, its critical role and sensitive data make it a prime target for cyber threats, requiring the implementation of effective security solutions. This paper presents a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) specifically designed for IoMT networks. The proposed IDS leverages machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques, employing a stacking ensemble method to enhance detection accuracy by integrating the strengths of multiple classifiers. To ensure real-time performance, the IDS is implemented within a Kappa Architecture framework, enabling continuous processing of IoMT data streams. The system effectively detects and classifies a wide range of cyberattacks, including ARP spoofing, DoS, Smurf, and Port Scan, achieving an outstanding detection accuracy of 0.991 in binary classification and 0.993 in multi-class classification. This research highlights the potential of combining advanced ML and DL methods with ensemble learning to address the unique cybersecurity challenges of IoMT systems, providing a reliable and scalable solution for safeguarding healthcare services.

Indexed as

Computer SecurityDeep LearningInternet of ThingsAlgorithmsHumansMachine Learningcybersecurity in healthcareInternet of Medical Things (IoMT)intrusion detection system (IDS)Kappa Architecturemachine and deep learning in IoMT securitystacking method

Identifiers

PMID39943263
PMCPMC11821146

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.