Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39942239›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Slip Risk on Surfaces Made with 3D Printing Technology.

Bartosz Wieczorek, Łukasz Gierz, Łukasz Warguła, Grzegorz Kinal, Boris Kostov, Konrd Jan Waluś

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bartosz WieczorekFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Machine Design, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0808-298X
Łukasz GierzFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Machine Design, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4040-5718
Łukasz WargułaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Machine Design, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3120-778X
Grzegorz KinalFaculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Institute of Machines and Motor Vehicles, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2767-3569
Boris KostovDepartment of Heat, Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering, University of Rousse "Angel Kanchev", Studentska 8 Street, 7017 Ruse, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-7600-4839
Konrd Jan WaluśFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Machine Design, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5567-0317

Funding

Ministry of Education and Science (Poland) through a subsidy to Poznan University of Technolo-gy 0414/SBAD/2024 and 0611/SBAD/0144
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Slip risk on surfaces used by humans or active in mechanisms is studied to mitigate its effects or harness its beneficial outcomes. This article presents pioneering research on the risk of surfaces created using 3D printing technology. The study examines three materials (Polylactic Acid, PLA; Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol, PET-G; and Thermoplastic Polyurethane, TPU), considering three print head movement directions relative to the British Portable Skid Resistance Tester (BSRT) measurement direction. In addition, surface roughness tests were performed. Dry tests showed that the structure created by the printing direction perpendicular to the movement direction is the safest in terms of slip risk. The SRVs of the measured samples on a qualitative scale were classified on this scale as materials with low or extremely low slip risk (ranging from 55 to 90 SRV dry and 35 to 60 SRV wet). Referring to the influence of the type of material on the SRV, it was found that the safest material in terms of reducing the risk of slipping in dry conditions is TPU and, in wet conditions, PLA. During wet tests, the best properties that reduce the risk of slippage in most cases are shown by the printing direction on a horizontal plane at an angle of 45° to the direction of movement. Statistical analysis showed that the printing direction and roughness do not have a statistically significant effect on the SRV, but the type of material and the type of method (dry and wet) and their interaction have a significant effect.

Indexed as

3D printing process parametersBritish Portable Skid Resistance Tester (BSRT)Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PET-G)Polylactic Acid (PLA)Slip Resistance Value (SRV)surface roughnessThermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)

Identifiers

PMID39942239
PMCPMC11818307

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.