Comparative Analysis of Thermal Comfort and Antimicrobial Properties of Base Fabrics for Smart Socks as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

Farhana Momotaz, Rachel Eike, Rui Li, Guowen Song

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Farhana MomotazSchool of Human Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.

Rachel EikeDepartment of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6178-832X

Rui LiDepartment of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5161-2109

Guowen SongDepartment of Apparel, Events, and Hospitality Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Funding

Mississippi State University NA

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the unique interplay between thermal comfort and antimicrobial properties in base fabrics, shaping the foundation for the development of "Smart Socks" as advanced personal protective equipment (PPE). By delving into the inherent qualities of fibers such as cotton, polyester, bamboo, and wool and exploring fabric structures like single jersey, terry, rib, and mesh, the research captures the dynamic relationship between material composition and performance. Terry fabrics emerge as insulators, wrapping the user in warmth ideal for cold climates, while mesh structures breathe effortlessly, enhancing air circulation and moisture wicking for hot environments. Cotton mesh, with its natural affinity for moisture, showcases exceptional moisture management. Antimicrobial testing, focused on fabrics' interactions with Staphylococcus aureus, highlights the dormant potential of bamboo's bio-agents while revealing the necessity for advanced antimicrobial treatments. This study unveils a vision for combining innovative fabric structures and fibers to craft smart socks that balance thermal comfort, hygiene, and functionality. Future directions emphasize sensor integration for real-time physiological monitoring, opening pathways to revolutionary wearable PPE.

Indexed as

air permeabilityantimicrobial activitymoisture managementpersonal protective equipmentsmart socksthermal comfort

Identifiers

PMID39942238

DOI10.3390/ma18030572

PMCPMC11818340

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.