Quality Evaluation of Small Features Fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication Method.

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Dawid ZielińskiDepartment of Manufacturing and Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Machine and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1953-4064

Mariusz DejaDepartment of Manufacturing and Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Machine and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1874-9015

Rui ZhuDepartment of Manufacturing and Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Institute of Machine and Materials Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of small features fabricated by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. The samples containing circular and square cross-sections through holes with different dimensions, lengths, and orientation angles were printed from ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) filament. The adopted optical inspection method allowed us to conduct observations of individual features and their measurements. The image processing software was used to determine the accuracy of the dimensions and shape of different cross-sections. Feret's diameters were used for the evaluation of shape accuracy by comparing them with theoretical dimensions assumed in a 3D CAD model. Considering the relationship between the real and theoretical dimensions of different features, general empirical equations for predicting the equivalent dimensions were developed. The proposed method of the quality evaluation of small features can be easily implemented and widely applied to other features, especially internal holes with different cross-sections made using various additive manufacturing methods.

Indexed as

additive manufacturingfused filament fabrication methodquality control methodsmall-diameter features

Identifiers

PMID39942173

DOI10.3390/ma18030507

PMCPMC11818158

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.