ReviewCancers2025
Heterogeneity in Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- UBE2A as a prognostic indicator across human cancers: Insights from multi‑omics and immune landscape analyses.Molecular medicine reports · 2026Article
- Engineering Functional Biomaterials for Targeted and Localized Cancer Drug Delivery: A Structure-Property-Performance Design Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- HopRatio: Profiling single-sample transcriptomic dysregulation using stable gene-ordering relationships.iScience · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Gut microbiota modulation of gastrointestinal cancers: from dysbiosis signatures to therapeutic interventions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Harnessing human tumor organoids for cancer modeling and precision therapy.Protein & cell · 2026Review
- Patient-Derived Organoid-Based CRISPR Screens in Cancer Research: Applications, Advances, and Challenges.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Using Qualitative Research Methods to Codesign a Virtual Community of Practice for Global Oncology Early-Career Investigators.JCO global oncology · 2026Article
- Bacterioruberin fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pharmacogenomics in oncology: mutation-targeted therapy and biomarker integration in non-small cell lung cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- ROS and Antioxidants: Prospective Therapeutic Options in Cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Artificial intelligence and transforming cancer care.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Exosome-loaded nanoradiosensitizers in radiotherapy for preventing post-irradiation tumor recurrence: mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and translational challenges.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Innovations in biomarker stratification for precision oncology.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing Cancer Stem Cells and 3D Organoids in Unravelling Spatial and Cellular Heterogeneity in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Harnessing Proteogenomics to Advance Precision Oncology: From Melanoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Perspective.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity is a major challenge in oncology, complicating diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment. The clinical heterogeneity of cancer, which leads to differential treatment outcomes between patients with histopathologically similar cancers, is attributable to molecular diversity manifesting through genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, microenvironmental, and host biology differences. Heterogeneity is observed between patients, individual metastases, and within individual lesions. This review discusses clinical implications of heterogeneity, emphasizing need for personalized approaches to overcome challenges posed by cancer's diverse presentations. Understanding of emerging molecular diagnostic and analytical techniques can provide a view into the multidimensional complexity of cancer heterogeneity. With over 90% of cancer-related deaths associated with metastasis, we additionally explore the role heterogeneity plays in treatment resistance and recurrence of metastatic lesions. Molecular insights from next-generation sequencing, single-cell transcriptomics, liquid biopsy technology, and artificial intelligence will facilitate the development of combination therapy regimens that can potentially induce lasting and even curative treatment outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.