ArticleCancers2025
Characteristics and Outcomes of T1a Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Metastasis.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Elevated C-reactive protein to albumin ratio is a promising predictive biomarker for prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Metastatic non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: histology-specific metastatic patterns and survival in a national cancer database analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
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16 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThe incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been rising, largely due to increased incidental detection from widespread imaging. Although synchronous distant metastasis (SM) with a primary renal tumor measuring <4 cm (cT1a) is uncommon, its presence may influence survival outcomes and the utility of cytoreductive nephrectomy. We sought to investigate clinical characteristics, metastatic patterns, treatments, and survival outcomes of patients with T1a RCC.
methodsAll patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with RCC between 2004 and 2019 were extracted from the National Cancer Database. The Cochran-Armitage test was used for trend analysis, while multivariable analyses were conducted to identify variables associated with SM and to assess the impact of cytoreductive surgery on mortality across isolated metastatic sites. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare survival outcomes.
resultsA total of 263,911 individuals diagnosed with T1a RCC were analyzed in the study. Among them, 114,661 patients (43.4%) were classified as having cT1a tumor stage, and of these patients with cT1a RCC, 2275 (2.0%) exhibited SM. The proportion of SM cT1a was 3.39% in 2004 and 2.08% in 2019, with an Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) of -0.037% (
conclusionsThis comprehensive analysis of T1a RCC patients reveals that while synchronous metastasis is relatively uncommon (2.0%), it presents significant clinical challenges, with bone as the most common metastatic site, contrasting with the typical lung predominance in larger tumors. Primary tumor resection showed survival benefit in patients with isolated metastases, especially for lung-only metastasis. These findings highlight the heterogeneous nature of tumor biology in small renal masses and underscore the importance of tailored, multimodal treatment strategies for the effective management of SM T1a RCC.
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