ReviewDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Anatomical, Pathophysiological, and Clinical Aspects of Extra-Pelvic Varicose Veins of Pelvic Origin.
Review in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease-Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pelvic pain of venous origin: diagnostic insights from transvaginal ultrasonography.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Article
- Anatomical patterns of pelvic venous reflux to the lower limbs.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2026Article
- Compression and Superficial Varicosities Outperform Gonadal Vein Diameter in Differentiating Symptomatic from Asymptomatic Pelvic Venous Disorders: A Case-Control Study.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Management of Extra-Pelvic Varicose Veins of Pelvic Origin in Female Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Venous hypertension in the pelvic veins can result in the development of varicosities in the perineum, and sometimes also in the lower extremities. These varicose veins are anatomically and functionally different from typical varicosities associated with an incompetence of the saphenous veins. Since the pelvic cavity is anatomically separated from the lower extremity and perineum by muscles and skeleton, there are only a few routes through which pelvic veins can communicate with extra-pelvic veins. These routes should primarily be examined during diagnostic workout. In this review article, clinical anatomy concerning varicose veins of pelvic origin is presented, and the anatomically-driven diagnostics for these atypical varicose veins are discussed. Focus on ultrasonographic detection of the escape points, which are located at the sites where the incompetent intra-pelvic and extra-pelvic veins are connected-such as the perineal veins, veins running alongside the round ligament of the uterus, the obturator vein, as well as the inferior and superior gluteal veins-is emphasized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.