ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Mapping Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Age- and Sex-Matched Analysis.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Special Issue "Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration: Molecular Mechanism and Novel Therapy".International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Transcriptome sequencing and validation of potential biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and potential therapeutic molecular targets in blood-brain barrier disruption following subarachnoid hemorrhage: a review of early brain injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Serial serum calcium dynamics predict delayed hydrocephalus after spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: development and validation of a clinical nomogram in an observational cohort.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite extensive research on aneurysm treatment and neurocritical care, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still a life-threatening disease, often leaving survivors with lasting neurological and cognitive impairments. Early brain injury (EBI) and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are the main contributors to brain damage, with neuroinflammation being a critical shared pathophysiological process. While numerous inflammatory markers and their temporal profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have already been identified, comparisons with age- and sex-matched controls are limited. This study analyzed CSF from 17 SAH patients requiring an external ventricular drain (EVD) due to symptomatic hydrocephalus, sampled on days 4 and 10 post-ictus. An age- and sex-matched control group included 17 cerebrovascularly healthy patients requiring lumbar drains during aortic surgery. Chemokines and cytokines were quantified using immunoassays. Significantly elevated markers in SAH patients across both time points included MCP-1, CXCL-13, Eotaxin-1, CXCL-10, IL-8, and MIF. MIP-1α and MIP-1β showed significant differences at particular time points, indicating a distinct temporal profile for each parameter. These findings highlight neuroinflammation's key role in intracranial and systemic pathophysiology following SAH, emphasizing its complexity and individual variability. Knowing demographic factors impact the specific manifestations of pathophysiological processes, the comparison with an age- and sex-matched control group is meaningful.
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