ArticleNutrients2025
Health and Economic Impacts of Increased Brown Rice Consumption on Type 2 Diabetes in Japan: A Simulation Study, 2019-2029.
Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesWhole grain consumption is recognized as a key component of healthy diets, offering protection against non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, in Japan, whole grain intake remains low, with brown rice-a traditional whole grain-underutilized despite its demonstrated health benefits. This study aimed to explore the health and economic impacts of increasing brown rice consumption among Japanese adults aged 40-79 years.
methodsUsing a discrete-time Markov cohort macro-simulation model, we projected the effects of replacing 30% and 80% of mean white rice consumption with brown rice over 10 years. Input parameters were based on published epidemiological data and national healthcare expenditures. Key outcomes included cumulative T2D incidence, all-cause mortality, and associated healthcare costs.
resultsIncreasing brown rice consumption could prevent 1.3-3.4% of new T2D cases, avert 0.01-0.02% of all-cause deaths, and save from USD 31.3 million to USD 80.5 million in healthcare costs. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the relative risk of T2D associated with brown rice intake had the greatest influence on variabilities in projected cost savings.
conclusionsAlthough the projected reductions in T2D and healthcare costs were modest, the findings highlight the potential of increased brown rice consumption to alleviate the economic and public health burden of T2D in Japan. Incorporating brown rice into dietary patterns may support multidisciplinary lifestyle approaches for T2D prevention. Further research is warranted to explore long-term care costs for the management of complications and the benefits of other whole grains in the Japanese diet.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.