Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39940104›Full record

ReviewCNS spectrums2025

Understanding the delivery technology used in ADHD stimulant medications can help to individualize treatment.

Andrew J Cutler, Jacob Hanaie

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in CNS spectrums, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Andrew J CutlerChief Medical Officer, Neuroscience Education Institute, Carlsbad, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5800-0378
Jacob HanaieDepartment of Psychiatry, Kedren Community Mental Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder for which treatment personalization is essential. Stimulant medications are the first-line option for ADHD management due to their high efficacy. While the choice of stimulant is limited to methylphenidate or amphetamine, there are numerous formulation options each associated with different potential benefits and restrictions. The goal is to deliver a stimulant medication that provides an even, continuous control of symptoms tailored to the patient's symptoms and lifestyle. This article reviews the technologies used to deliver stimulants and the impact their characteristics have on the pharmacokinetic profiles, dosing regimens, and flexibility of the medication. The aim was to help clinicians in their treatment decision-making process and provide patients with effective and individualized management of their ADHD symptoms.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCentral Nervous System StimulantsDrug Delivery SystemsPrecision MedicineHumansCentral Nervous System StimulantsADHDdelivery technologyextended releaseindividualized treatmentstimulant medications

Identifiers

PMID39940104
PMCPMC13064703

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.