ArticleScientific reports2025
Inhibiting CXCR4 reduces immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells in breast cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- The tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and a strategy to improve responses to immunotherapy using cryoablation and immunostimulants.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: Emerging therapeutic strategies and challenges.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: Mechanistic insights, subtype-specific patterns, and therapeutic implications.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Multitargeted nanoparticles inhibit cancer invasion by disrupting cancer-associated fibroblast-tumor cell crosstalk and modulating collagen pattern and EMT.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Decoding GPCR signaling reprogramming in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Multi-omics reveals CXCR4 drives immune escape in colorectal cancer via metabolic reprogramming and immune microenvironment remodeling.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Platelets in the tumor microenvironment: potential mediators of immune exclusion and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- CXCR4: A Promising Novel Strategy for Lung Cancer Treatment.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Innovative Strategies of Nanocapsules for Maximizing Efficacy in Tumor Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Salidroside-Based Nanomedicines for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Review
- The chemokine network in triple-negative breast cancer: its role in immune microenvironment regulation, and prospects for targeted therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in antimicrobial peptides: promising cancer treatments and vaccines.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing Single-Cell RNA-Seq for Computational Drug Repurposing in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ex vivo modelling of human colorectal cancer liver metastasis by normothermic machine perfusion.Molecular cancer · 2025Article
- Targeting the CXCR4/CXCL12 Axis to Overcome Drug Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cells · 2025Review
- Cytokine Networks in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, and Emerging Strategies.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Nano-strategies targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts to enhance immunotherapy and reverse resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The novel functions of chemokines in lung cancer progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) show only modest response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, motivating ongoing efforts to identify approaches to boost efficacy. Using an immunocompetent mouse model of TNBC, we investigated combination therapy with an anti-PD-1 immunotherapy antibody plus balixafortide, a cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCR4. Cell-based assays demonstrated that balixafortide functions as an inverse agonist, establishing a mode of action distinct from most compounds targeting CXCR4. Combination anti-PD-1 plus balixafortide significantly reduced growth of orthotopic tumors and extended overall survival relative to single agent therapy or vehicle. Adding balixafortide to anti-PD-1 increased numbers of tertiary lymphoid structures, a marker of local tumor immune responses associated with favorable response to immunotherapy in TNBC. Single cell RNA sequencing revealed that combination anti-PD-1 plus balixafortide reduced T cell exhaustion and increased markers of effector T cell activity. Combination therapy also reduced signatures of immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in tumors. MDSCs isolated from mice treated with anti-PD-1 plus balixafortide showed reduced inhibition of T cell proliferation following ex vivo stimulation. These studies demonstrate that combining inhibition of CXCR4 with anti-PD-1 to enhances responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in TNBC, supporting future clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.