Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39939584›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Harnessing metastability for grain size control in multiprincipal element alloys during additive manufacturing.

Akane Wakai, Jenniffer Bustillos, Noah Sargent, Jamesa L Stokes, Wei Xiong, Timothy M Smith, Atieh Moridi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Deformation-Induced Formation of Stray Grains in Additive Manufacturing of Single Crystals.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Akane WakaiDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Jenniffer BustillosDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Noah SargentDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Jamesa L StokesNASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0675-9988
Wei XiongDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-1679
Timothy M SmithNASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-9721
Atieh MoridiDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA. moridi@cornell.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-7815

Funding

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC19K1142National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 80NSSC20K1199National Science Foundation (NSF) CMMI-2046523National Science Foundation (NSF) CMMI 2047218National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-1719875National Science Foundation (NSF) DMR-1829070U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) DE-SC0022860
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Controlling microstructure in fusion-based metal additive manufacturing (AM) remains a significant challenge due to the many parameters that directly impact solidification condition. Multiprincipal element alloys (MPEAs), also known as high entropy alloys, offer a vast compositional space to design for microstructural engineering due to their chemical complexity and exceptional properties. Here, we use the FeMnCoCr system as a model platform for exploring alloy design in MPEAs for AM. By exploiting the decreasing stability of the face-centered cubic phase with increasing Mn content, we achieve notable grain refinement and breakdown of epitaxial columnar grain growth. We employ a multifaceted approach encompassing thermodynamic modeling, operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction, multiscale microstructural characterization, and mechanical testing to gain insight into the solidification physics and its ramifications on the resulting microstructure of FeMnCoCr MPEAs. This work aims toward tailoring desirable grain sizes and morphology through targeted manipulation of phase stability, thereby advancing microstructure control in AM applications.

Identifiers

PMID39939584
PMCPMC11822122

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.