ReviewAesthetic plastic surgery2025
Complications of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Facial Injection: Clinical Studies and Literature Review.
Review in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydrogel-Based Therapies for Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: From Bulking Agents to Regenerative Platforms-A Narrative Review.Current urology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Multiple bilateral breast hematomas as a complication of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for breast augmentation: A case report.JPRAS open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPolyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) is a new biomaterial that emerged in the last century and has been widely used in human filler procedures, such as injectable breast augmentation and facial contour improvement. However, as the implantation time of the material increases, various complications have been reported, which reflects that the safety of this material has not been adequately studied. Therefore, a more in-depth experimental analysis becomes particularly important.
methodsWe collected lesion tissues from six patients with PAHG facial injection. The lesion tissues were examined histologically and molecularly.
resultsComplications caused by PAHG facial injection included pain, subcutaneous nodules, swelling and gel displacement. Western blot revealed decreased expression of neural tissue markers, and increased expression of macrophage markers and oxidative stress-related factors. The results of this study provide new insights into the mechanism and development of PAHG facial injection complications.
conclusionThis report explores the possible mechanism of PAHG complications after facial injection from a new perspective of oxidative stress and inflammation for the first time, which provides a reference for researchers and clinicians to further understand the characteristics of materials and strictly control surgical indications to reduce complications. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
39939475What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.