ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2025
The Effect of the Maxillary Sinus Volume on the Morphology and Angulation of the Infraorbital Canal in Relation to Age and Gender.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morphometric analysis and spatial localization of the infraorbital foramen in adult dry human skulls: bilateral symmetry, sexual dimorphism, and accessory foramina.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional CBCT analysis of how sinonasal variations affect maxillary sinus volume in individuals with different skeletal malocclusion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessment of infraorbital foramen location based on skeletal malocclusion, maxillary sinus pneumatization and infraorbital canal morphology using 3D CBCT scans.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the infraorbital canal (IOC) and maxillary sinus (MS) have been well studied, understanding the effect of MS volume (MSV) on IOC morphology is critical in determining the safest surgical route for infraorbital depression and transmaxillary procedures.
objectivesWe aimed to describe the IOC types, measure the MSV and IOC angles (IOCA) in all three planes, and analyse the relationship between them using three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
methodsCBCT images of 280 patients were analysed to identify the IOC types and accessory IOC (IOCa), and to measure morphometric parameters. The relationship between them was examined using statistical analysis in relation to age, gender, and laterality.
resultsThe most common IOC type was Type I (59.6%), followed by Type II (21.8%), Type III (13.6%), and Type IV (5%). According to MSV, three types of MS were described, with 38.2, 34.6, and 27.2% having normal, hypoplastic, and hyperplastic MS, respectively. Also, hyperplastic MS was associated with the highest likelihood of Type III IOC. Furthermore, logistic regression model revealed that the MSV and IOCA3 had a positive significant effect on the IOC protrusion, whereas being female, increasing age and IOCA1 had a negative significant effect on MS pneumatization. The probability of having hyperplastic MS, Types II and III IOC, IOCa also decreased with increasing age.
conclusionsUsing 3D technology, the results of this study provide a detailed classification of IOC and MS types, increasing the number of treatment options and reducing the risk of complications during surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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