ArticleScientific reports2025
Prediction of intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load with oculometric and biometric indicators.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing the outcomes of the technology-enhanced learning of sectional anatomy with and without preceding demonstrations: A study about the worked-example effect in anatomy education.Anatomical sciences education · 2026Article
- Multimodal EEG and Eye-Tracking Assessment of Perceived Mental Workload and Situation Awareness in a Visual Display Terminal Simulation Task.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Expert, Clinician, and Health Care User Interactions With Summary of Findings Tables: Usability Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Gaze Allocation and Performance Across Task-Demand Conditions During Squat-Based Exergaming: Pilot Study Using Eye Tracking.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2026Article
- The modulating role of memory load on language switching in sentence comprehension: evidence from eye movements.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Social wayfinding in virtual reality: Navigational decisions and eye movements in a dynamic environment.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Assessment of cognitive load through photoplethysmography and bioimpedance responses during mental arithmetic tasks.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Modeling radiologists' cognitive processes using a digital gaze twin to enhance radiology training.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of web accessibility on cognitive engagement in individuals without disabilities: Evidence from a psychophysiological study.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study focused on the prediction of intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load using eye-tracking metrics, heart rate variability, and galvanic skin response. Intrinsic cognitive load is associated with the inherent complexity of the mental task, whereas extraneous cognitive load is related to the distracting and unrelated elements in the task. Thirty-three participants (aged [Formula: see text]) performed different levels of mental calculations to induce intrinsic cognitive load in the first task and a visual search task to manipulate extraneous cognitive load in the second task. During both tasks, participants' eye movements, heart rate, and galvanic skin response were continuously recorded. Participants' working memory was controlled. Subjective cognitive load was also assessed following each experimental task. A discriminant model, consisting of oculo- and bio-metric indicators, could discriminate between cognitive loads (intrinsic vs.extraneous) and levels (low vs.high). In particular, average fixation duration, average saccade amplitude, and [Formula: see text] coefficient each have an impact on the model. In addition, task difficulty may be distinguished by the Low-High Index of Pupillary Activity (LHIPA) and heart rate variability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.