Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39938958›Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2025

Vitamin B

Nikita Tank, Christopher Wood, Anand Ahankari, Brian Mackenna, Alex Walker, Agnieszka Lemanska

Abstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Nikita TankCardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Christopher WoodUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Anand AhankariManchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Brian MackennaNHS England, Redditch, UK.
Alex WalkerUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-6135
Agnieszka LemanskaUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK a.lemanska@surrey.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-2430

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTraditionally, intramuscular vitamin B

objectiveWe investigated changes between 2015 and 2024 in prescribing B DESIGN, POPULATION AND

settingThis was an observational study of general practice in England covering 100% of the population.

methodsWe used prescribing data published by the NHS Business Service Authority. Monthly prescription counts and rates per 100 000 patients were visualised in longitudinal plots from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2024. We stratified the analysis by regions in England. Changes in yearly counts and rates were summarised using descriptive statistics. Linear regression and data from before the COVID-19 pandemic were used to model trends from 2020 to 2024 as if the pandemic had not occurred. The predicted values and their 95% CI were used to assess the effect of the pandemic.

resultsThe number of prescriptions for B

conclusionsIn this study, we document important changes to vitamin B

Indexed as

COVID-19Drug PrescriptionsGeneral PracticePractice Patterns, Physicians'Vitamin B 12Vitamin B 12 DeficiencyEnglandHumansInjections, IntramuscularSARS-CoV-2State MedicineTabletsTabletsVitamin B 12COVID-19Drug TherapyHealth policyPrescriptionsPrimary CareRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID39938958
PMCPMC11822439

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.