ArticleBMJ open2025
Rates, causes and predictors of all-cause and avoidable mortality in 514 878 adults with and without intellectual disabilities in Scotland: a record linkage national cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Mortality Among Youth and Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, or Cerebral Palsy.JAMA pediatrics · 2026Article
- Redesigning trials to be inclusive of people with a learning disability-a practical example.Trials · 2026Article
- Navigating a new era in cardiovascular disease epidemiology: big data, artificial intelligence and the imperative of disability inclusion.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Review
- Mental Ill-Health in Mothers Caring for Offspring With Intellectual Disabilities at Different Stages of Caregiving: Secondary Data Analysis and Data Linkage of Administrative and Health Records.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2026Article
- Avoidable mortality for people with disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Type 2 Diabetes-Related Avoidable Mortality Risk Among Individuals with Developmental Disabilities: A Comparison With Individuals With Other Disabilities and Those Without Disabilities : T2DM-Related Avoidable Mortality among Developmentally Disabled Individuals.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Barriers and Enablers of Delivering Asthma Self-Management to Those With Intellectual Disabilities: A Scoping Review.Journal of applied research in intellectual disabilities : JARID · 2025Article
- The Effect of Nordic Walking Intervention (NORDIN-JOY) on Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Families: A Multicenter Randomized Crossover Study.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
- The health informatics centre: a safe haven and trusted research environment enabling world-leading research.International journal of population data science · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundStudies on avoidable mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities are limited, as are studies on causes of death.
objectivesWe aimed to quantify mortality rates, and causes, and identify factors (i.e., age, sex, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD)) related to avoidable mortality in adults with intellectual disabilities.
designA record linkage national cohort study.
settingA cohort of adults with intellectual disabilities with or without co-occurring autism, aged 25+ years and a randomly selected comparison group aged 25+ years without intellectual disabilities or autism identified from Scotland's Census, 2011. Census records were linked to the National Records of Scotland Statutory Register of Deaths database to ascertain all deaths from 2011 to 2019.
participantsWe analysed data on 14 477 adults with intellectual disabilities aged 25+ years and a randomly selected comparison group of 506 207 adults aged 25+ without intellectual disabilities identified from Scotland's Census 2011. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We ran χ
resultsDuring the 8.5-year follow-up, 23.7% (crude death rate of 3033.3 per 100 000) of adults with intellectual disabilities died compared with 13.8% of controls. The median age at death among adults aged 25+ with intellectual disabilities was 65.0 years compared with 80.0 years for adults without intellectual disabilities. For all-cause mortality, the age-standardised mortality ratio (SMR) in the population with intellectual disabilities was 3.1 (95% CI 3.0 to 3.2). The SMRs were higher for the youngest age groups, women and in the most affluent areas. This was also the case for SMRs for avoidable, treatable and preventable deaths. For the population of adults with intellectual disabilities, 31.7% of recorded deaths were considered avoidable, 21.1% were treatable and 19.9% were preventable. In the controls, 18.2% of deaths were considered avoidable, 8.8% treatable and 14.7% preventable. Down syndrome and dementia were the two most commonly recorded underlying causes of death for people with intellectual disabilities while malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung and acute myocardial infarction were most commonly recorded in the general population.
conclusionsRisk of all-cause, avoidable, treatable and preventable mortality was higher for adults with intellectual disabilities than their peers. The highest SMRs were observed for youngest adults, women and individuals living in the most affluent areas.
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