ArticleCell systems2025
Macrophage memory emerges from coordinated transcription factor and chromatin dynamics.
Article in Cell systems, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechano-immunomodulatory biomaterials: From immune mechanosensing to translational design.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Dissection of MAPK and NF-κB p65 signaling dynamics underlying LPS tolerance in macrophages at the single-cell level.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Multi-level transcriptional control of specific macrophage responses.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Macrophages tune responses to pathogen dynamics through TLR4 stimulation memory and by licensing susceptibility to IL-10.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Quantitative Control of Transposable Elements: From Genome Plasticity to Immune Regulatory Circuits.Cell biochemistry and function · 2026Review
- Heritable single-cell gene expression states shape functional variability in innate immune responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Differential regulation of monocyte exhaustion by distinct TLR agonists and underlying mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Review
- Challenge Specific Modulation of Responses to Adjuvant-Induced Innate Immune Memory.Immunology · 2026Article
- Immune signaling as a determinant of cellular identity and tissue function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cells of the immune system operate in dynamic microenvironments where the timing, concentration, and order of signaling molecules constantly change. Despite this complexity, immune cells manage to communicate accurately and control inflammation and infection. It is unclear how these dynamic signals are encoded and decoded and if individual cells retain the memory of past exposure to inflammatory molecules. Here, we use live-cell analysis, ATAC sequencing, and an in vivo model of sepsis to show that sequential inflammatory signals induce memory in individual macrophages through reprogramming the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) network and the chromatin accessibility landscape. We use transcriptomic profiling and deep learning to show that transcription factor and chromatin dynamics coordinate fine-tuned macrophage responses to new inflammatory signals. This work demonstrates how macrophages retain the memory of previous signals despite single-cell variability and elucidates the mechanisms of signal-induced memory in dynamic inflammatory conditions like sepsis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.