ArticlePloS one2025
The relation of nasopharyngeal colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae in comorbid adults with unfavorable outcomes in a low-middle income country.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Biofilm formation during pneumococcal carriage imprints naturally acquired humoral immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
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20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeStreptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is the primary bacterial cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) globally, particularly impacting older adults and children. While Spn colonization in children is linked to LRTI, its prevalence, and consequences in adults with comorbidities remain uncertain. This study aims to provide novel data in that regard.
methodsThis prospective study of outpatient adults with chronic diseases was conducted in Colombia. Data on demographics, vaccination, and clinical history was collected in a RedCap database. Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were examined for Spn colonization using traditional cultures and quantitative-real time polymerase chain reaction (q-rtPCR). Patients were followed for 18 months, with colonization prevalence calculated and factors influencing colonization and its impact on clinical outcomes analyzed through logistic regressions.
results810 patients were enrolled, with 10.1% (82/810) identified as colonized. The mean (SD) age was 62 years (±15), and 48.6% (394/810) were female. Major comorbidities included hypertension (52.2% [423/810]), cardiac conditions (31.1% [252/810]), and chronic kidney disease (17.4% [141/810]). Among all, 31.6% (256/810) received the influenza vaccine in the previous year, and 10.7% (87/810) received anti-Spn vaccines. Chronic kidney disease (OR 95% CI; 2.48 [1.01-6.15], p = 0.04) and chronic cardiac diseases (OR 95% CI; 1.62 [0.99-2.66], p = 0.05) were independently associated with Spn colonization. However, colonization was not associated with the development of LRTI (OR 95%CI; 0.64 [0.14-2.79], p = 0.55) or unfavorable outcomes (OR 95% CI;1.17 [0.14-2.79], p = 0.54) during follow-up.
conclusionsChronic kidney and cardiac diseases are independently associated with Spn colonization. However, Spn colonization was not associated with LRTI/unfavorable outcomes in adult patients with chronic comorbidities in our cohort.
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