ReviewNanomedicine (London, England)2025
Assessing the efficacy of nanoparticles in reversing opioid poisoning and preventing renarcotization.
Review in Nanomedicine (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Oxygen Saturation Thresholds for Opioid-induced Respiratory Depression: A Systematic Review.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Pooled it
- μ-Opioid receptor signalling enhances Kir3 currents in glutamatergic preBötzinger complex neurons in mice.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Opioid poisoning, also known as opioid overdose or opioid toxicity, is a medical emergency where there is excessive binding of opioids to mu-opioid receptors, leading to analgesia, sedation, and respiratory depression. Naloxone is currently the recommended treatment for reversing opioid poisoning; however, it has limitations, such as a shorter half-life than most opioids, which can lead to renarcotization. Multiple nanoparticle (NP) formulations have addressed this limitation by exhibiting a longer half-life as well as successfully antagonizing the effects of opioids. This review explores the polymer-, lipid-, and peptide-based NP formulations, which have been studied as alternatives for naloxone. NP-naloxone formulations have potential for implementation into clinical practice, yet their realization hinges on investment in research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.