Regional differences in the daily consumption of smoked and smokeless tobacco among adults (25-64 years) in Mozambique: 2005 versus 2014/2015.

Within-country differences in the prevalence of tobacco consumption may be expected in Mozambique, as determinants of tobacco use vary considerably countrywide. We compared the daily use of smoked and smokeless tobacco in 2005 and 2014/2015 across Mozambican regions. Two surveys were conducted in Mozambique, in 2005 and 2014/2015, with representative samples of the adult population, following the World Health Organization's STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance. Prevalence estimates were computed for daily use of different types of tobacco, stratified by regions. Data from the 2014/2015 survey were compared to those from the 2005 survey, after direct age-standardization. During the 10-year period, a significant reduction was observed in the prevalence of daily tobacco smoking among women in the Northern and men in the Southern provinces, due to the decrease in the consumption of hand-rolled cigarettes among Northern women (from 9.6% to 2.3%), and manufactured cigarettes among Southern men (from 23.7% to 11.8%). In Center and Northern regions, nonsignificant increases were observed in the consumption of manufactured cigarettes among men. The consumption of smokeless tobacco among Southern women decreased (from 3.1% to 1%). There was a decrease in the daily consumption of hand-rolled cigarettes among women in the North and of manufactured cigarettes among men in the South, as well as a potential trend towards residual smokeless tobacco consumption. However, the results suggest increases in the daily consumption of manufactured cigarettes among men in the Center and Northern regions.