Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39936716›Full record

ArticleBrazilian oral research2025

Aging and post-polymerization effects on conversion degree and properties of additive splint materials.

Leandro Ruivo de Santis, Lucas Silveira Fernandes, Mayra Torres Vasques, Nataly Rabelo Mina Zambrana, Ítallo Emídio Lira Viana, Taís Scaramucci Forlin, Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni Saavedra, Carlos Eduardo Francci

Erratum issuedAbstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Brazilian oral research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Leandro Ruivo de SantisUniversidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-2013-6517
Lucas Silveira FernandesUniversidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-3436-414X
Mayra Torres VasquesPrivate practice, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-3952-8729
Nataly Rabelo Mina ZambranaUniversity of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Biologic and Materials Science and Prosthodontics Department, Ann Argor, MI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5516-9810
Ítallo Emídio Lira VianaTufts University, School of Dental Medicine, Medford, MA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7252-6616
Taís Scaramucci ForlinUniversidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-4445-6697
Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira Anzaloni SaavedraUniversidade Estadual Paulista - Unesp, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-7108-0544
Carlos Eduardo FrancciUniversidade de São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-3638-5005

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The study objective was to analyze dimensional change, flexural strength, surface hardness, wear profile, and conversion degree of different additive splint materials under various post-polymerization conditions of time and artificial aging. Two additive manufacturing systems (Cara Print 4.0, Dima Print Ortho, Kulzer; SprintRay Pro, SprintRay Splint, SprintRay), and a thermally activated resin control (Clássico) were evaluated in artificial aging (deionized water or saliva; 28 or 84 days at 37°C), with recommended or doubled post-polymerization cycles. Dimensional change (surface metrology), flexural strength (ISO 20795-1:2013), fractography (SEM), Knoop hardness, two-body wear profilometry (150,000 cycles; 3mmØ; 20N; 2.1Hz), and conversion degree (FTIR spectroscopy) were assessed. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used for parametric data, and Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests, for non-parametric data (α = 0.05). Results indicated no statistically significant differences in dimensional change or flexural strength among the materials. Recommended post-polymerization cycles resulted in lower hardness for additive resins than the thermally activated control. Doubling post-polymerization time significantly increased flexural strength and hardness of Dima Print Ortho, but decreased flexural strength of SprintRay Splint, and did not affect wear resistance. Dima Print Ortho demonstrated the highest wear resistance. Artificial aging did not affect flexural strength, surface wear, or dimensional change, but negatively impacted the hardness of all materials except Dima Print Ortho. The conversion degree was unaffected by post-polymerization time, and no significant differences were found among the materials. Overall, additive materials exhibited mechanical and dimensional properties comparable to thermally activated resin, with doubling post-polymerization time positively influencing the properties.

Indexed as

Composite ResinsDental MaterialsPolymerizationSplintsAnalysis of VarianceFlexural StrengthHardnessMaterials TestingMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredStatistics, NonparametricSurface PropertiesTime FactorsComposite ResinsDental Materials

Identifiers

PMID39936716
PMCPMC11808695

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.