ArticleBreast cancer (Dove Medical Press)2025
Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC Class I) Expression Patterns and Their Pathologic Associations in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
Article in Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in relation to programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) expression, with a focus on their prognostic significance. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 148 TNBC patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2021. Immunohistochemical analysis evaluated PD-L1 and MHC class I expression. PD-L1 was assessed using Combine Positive Scores (CPS), with the threshold set at CPS ≥ 1 and CPS ≥ 10. MHC class I expression was categorized into low and high levels. Associations between these markers, clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed. PD-L1 expression was also compared between older FFPE blocks (2008-2018) versus newer blocks (2019-2021). Results: PD-L1 expression was observed in 29.1% of cases with a Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1 and 8.8% of CPS ≥10 cases. MHC class I expression was evenly split between low and high levels. Older FFPE blocks (2008-2018) showed lower PD-L1 expression than newer blocks (2019-2021). There was no significant association between PD-L1 expression and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS). However, high MHC class I expression was strongly associated with improved OS (HR = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.282-0.780, p=0.004). Patients with negative PD-L1 and high MHC class I expression had the most favorable prognosis, with significant OS for CPS ≥1 (HR = 0.447, 95% CI: 0.236-0.846, p=0.013) and CPS ≥10 (HR = 0.516, 95% CI: 0.307-0.869, p=0.013). Conclusion: These findings support the potential of PD-L1 and MHC class I expression as prognostic markers for TNBC, offering insights to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.