Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39935802›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in medicine2025

Mouthguard types, properties and influence on performance in sport activities: a narrative review.

Ke Wang, Yitong Liu, Zihe Zhao, Shengjie Zhou, Min Zhang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Biomechanical Analysis of 3D Printed and Thermoformed EVA Custom-Made Mouthguard: Experimental and Finite Element Analyses.Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ke Wang *Department of Implantology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Yitong Liu *Department of Implantology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Zihe ZhaoDepartment of Implantology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Shengjie ZhouHKU Business School, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Min ZhangDepartment of Implantology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mouthguards are proven devices placed inside the mouth to prevent oral lacerations, dental injuries, and jaw fractures. Endorsed by the World Dental Federation, mouthguards are crucial for preventing orofacial and dental trauma. However, their adoption in sports is challenged by limited guidance, communication barriers, and cost considerations. Based on extensive literature research in PubMed/MEDLINE, this narrative review summarizes the historical development of mouthguards, elaborates on their primary classifications, and examines the factors influencing their properties. Importantly, the impact of mouthguards on sports performance is clarified in this study. Overall, using mouthguards in sports not only reduces the occurrence and severity of dental injuries but also holds promise for enhancing athletic performances such as strength, aerobic capacity, agility, balance, and flexibility. Therefore, promoting mouthguard use in the sports community should be encouraged.

Indexed as

athletic performancehistorymouthguardspropertiessporttypes

Identifiers

PMID39935802
PMCPMC11810891

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.