Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39934720›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Blind spots in health perception: the underestimated role of social connection for health outcomes.

Andrew Scot Proctor, Julianne Holt-Lunstad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Andrew Scot ProctorSocial Connection and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 1132 KMBL, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
Julianne Holt-LunstadSocial Connection and Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, 1132 KMBL, Provo, UT, 84602, USA. Julianne_Holt-Lunstad@byu.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRobust evidence indicates that having few or poor-quality social connections is associated with poorer physical health outcomes and risk for earlier death (Snyder-Mackler N, Science 368, 2020; Vila J, Front Psychol 12:717164, 2021).

aimThis study sought to determine whether recent attention on social connection and loneliness brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic may influence risk perception and whether these perceptions were heightened among those who are lonely.

methodsTwo waves of online survey data were collected. The first included data from 1,486 English-speaking respondents in the US, UK, and Australia, and a second sample of 999 nationally representative US adults, with a final sample of 2392 respondents from the US and UK.

resultsPerceptions of risk have remained consistent, underestimating the influence of social factors on health outcomes and longevity, even among respondents who reported moderate-to-severe levels of loneliness.

conclusionsDespite heightened awareness and discourse during the COVID-19 pandemic, public perception in the US and UK continues to significantly underestimate the impact of social factors on physical health and mortality. This underestimation persists regardless of individual loneliness levels, underscoring the need for enhanced public education and policy efforts to recognize social connection as a crucial determinant of health outcomes.

Indexed as

COVID-19Health StatusLonelinessAdultAgedAustraliaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited KingdomUnited StatesYoung AdultCovid-19HealthLonelinessMortalitySocial Determinants of HealthSocial DistancingSocial IntegrationSocial Support

Identifiers

PMID39934720
PMCPMC11817567

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.