Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39934710›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Exploring the role of perceived social support, and spiritual well-being in predicting the family Caregiving burden among the parents of disabled children.

Mohammad Taher, Nemat Azizi, Mohammadreza Rohani, Parisa Hosseini Koukamari, Fatemeh Rashidi, Marzieh Araban, Anthony Coetzer-Liversage, Mahmood Karimy

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. A Conceptual Model for Strengthening Family Capabilities Through a Process of Care.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mohammad TaherDepartment of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Science, Saveh, Iran.
Nemat AziziSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Science, Saveh, Iran.
Mohammadreza RohaniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Saveh University of Medical Science, Saveh, Iran.
Parisa Hosseini KoukamariDepartment of Public Health, Saveh University of Medical Science, Saveh, Iran.
Fatemeh RashidiStudent Research Committee, Saveh University of Medical Science, Saveh, Iran.
Marzieh ArabanMenopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Anthony Coetzer-LiversageServeMinnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Mahmood KarimySocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Science, Saveh, Iran. karimymahmood@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8413-1942

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimCaregiver burden encompasses the physical, emotional, financial, and social challenges faced by individuals caring for a sick or disabled person. Spiritual well-being and social support have been identified as protective factors against psychological and physical issues, potentially alleviating caregiver burden. This study aims to explore the relationship between spiritual well-being, perceived social support, and caregiver burden among parents of children with disabilities.

methodA descriptive-analytical study was conducted with 260 family caregivers, selected through systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Novak and Gaug Caregiving Burden Scale, the Paloutzian-Ellison Spiritual Well-being Scale, and the Zimet Social Support Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 22, with significance set at p < 0.05.

resultsAmong the caregivers, 148 (61.4%) reported a high level of caregiving burden, while 81% indicated moderate spiritual well-being and 14.5% reported high spiritual well-being. A significant negative correlation was found between spiritual well-being, social support, and caregiving burden (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that spiritual well-being (β = -0.41) and social support (β = -0.33) were the most significant predictors of caregiving burden. Additional significant predictors included social activities, underlying health conditions, age, caregiving duration, insurance coverage, and marital status (p < 0.05).

conclusionThe high caregiving burden observed in this population, along with the inverse relationship between social support, spiritual well-being, and caregiving burden, underscores the need for strategies to enhance social support and spiritual well-being. These factors may serve as cost-effective, accessible interventions to alleviate caregiving burden.

Indexed as

Caregiver BurdenCaregiversChildren with DisabilitiesCost of IllnessParentsSocial SupportSpiritualityAdultChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultCaregiving burdenPerceived social supportSpiritual well-being

Identifiers

PMID39934710
PMCPMC11816756

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.