Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39934487›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2025

Plant-based dietary patterns, genetic risk, proteome, and lung cancer risk: a large prospective cohort study.

Wenmin Zhu, Ziwei Shi, Xiaolong Yan, Zhiqun Lei, Qi Wang, Lin Lei, Sheng Wei

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Proteomics for precision nutrition: current evidence and future directions.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Wenmin ZhuSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
Ziwei ShiSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
Xiaolong YanSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
Zhiqun LeiSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
Qi WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Lin LeiDepartment of Cancer Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, China. lin.leilana@gmail.com.
Sheng WeiSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. weis@sustech.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82073661Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province 2020A1515011478
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe aimed to examine the associations between plant-based dietary patterns, genetic risk, proteins, and lung cancer risk.

methods189,541 participants of the UK Biobank were included. The Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were performed to assess the associations between overall plant-based diet index(PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) and lung cancer risk. Polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed to assess its joint effect with PDIs on lung cancer risk. Mediation analysis was conducted to examine which proteins mediated the associations of PDIs with incident lung cancer.

resultsHigher PDI was significantly correlated with reduced lung cancer risk(HR:0.90, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96, per SD). An elevated uPDI showed a significant correlation with an increased lung cancer risk(HR:1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15, per SD). Individuals with a combination of high PRS and low PDI (HR: 2.09 [95% CI: 1.48-2.95]) or high uPDI (HR: 1.86 [95% CI: 1.36-2.53]) exhibited a notably higher lung cancer risk compared to those with low PRS and a high PDI or low uPDI. 42 proteins mediated the effect of PDI on lung cancer risk, and the association between uPDI with lung cancer was mediated by 117 proteins. The number of proteins displaying pathway enrichment within the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction was the highest of the proteins mediated the effect of associations of PDI and uPDI with lung cancer risk.

conclusionA higher PDI correlated with reduced lung cancer risk, while a higher uPDI correlated with an elevated lung cancer risk. Low PDI jointing with high genetic risk increased lung cancer risk. Proteins enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction may mediate the association between plant-based dietary patterns with lung cancer risk.

Indexed as

Diet, VegetarianGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseLung NeoplasmsProteomeAgedCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited KingdomProteomeGenetic riskLung cancerPlant-based diet indexProteinsUK Biobank

Identifiers

PMID39934487

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.