ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2025
Spinosin enhances non-rapid eye movement sleep and alters c-Fos expression in sleep-wake regulatory brain regions in mice.
Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Hypnotic Effect of Spinosin Is Mediated by Adenosine ANutrients · 2026Article
- The Development and Optimisation of a Spinosin Solid-Dispersion-Based Functional Dairy Beverage and Its Sleep-Promoting Effects in Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSpinosin, a key flavonoids component found in Semen Zizhiphi spinosae, is known to enhance pentobarbital-induced sleep, which is primarily assessed with the loss-of-righting reflex (LORR). This research focused on investigating the impact of spinosin on sleep regulation in typical murine models.
methodsWe used electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recordings to evaluate the effects of spinosin (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, i.p.) on sleep-wake state. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to investigate the c-Fos expression in various sleep-wake brain regions following the injection of spinosin.
resultsIn the initial three-hour period following administration, spinosin administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg exhibited a notable augmentation in the duration of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, with a 2.04-fold increase (P < 0.0001), accompanied by a reduction in wakefulness by approximately 42.84% (P < 0.0001) compared to the vehicle group. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an enhancement in c-Fos expression within the accumbens nucleus (Acb) when treated with spinosin at 40 mg/kg. In contrast, a notable reduction in c-Fos expression was detected across various brain regions, including the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PV), lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG), dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), and lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) (P < 0.05). In addition, the treatment resulted in an increase in c-Fos expression within gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neurons in the Acb, while simultaneously decreasing c-Fos expression in orexin neurons within the LHA.
conclusionsThe results indicate that spinosin (40 mg/kg, i.p.) enhances NREM sleep in mice. Moreover, heightened activity of GABAergic neurons in the Acb and reduced activity of orexin neurons in the LHA may be the pathway through which spinosin promotes sleep.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.