ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2025
Adaptive optics cone arrangement in hydroxychloroquine users without signs of retinal toxicity based on current screening guidelines: a case-control study.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contrast Sensitivity and Colour Vision Tests for Early Detection and Monitoring of Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity: A Preliminary Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Ophthalmological Safety Considerations of Emerging and Conventional Therapeutic Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo describe early cone changes detected by adaptive optics (AO) in patients on chronic hydroxychloroquine (HC) treatment with no abnormalities on standard functional or structural retinal tests.
methodsCase-control study including 36 eyes of 36 female patients. Cases included 18 women on HC for autoimmune disease whose cumulative dose exceeded 1600 g and who demonstrated no evidence of retinal toxicity on visual field (VF), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), or multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Controls included 18 women with no known systemic or ocular disease and no history of HC use. For each eye of every study participant, an image was captured using a commercially available flood-illuminated AO retinal camera (rtx1
resultsThe control group exhibited mean nasal and temporal cone densities of 28,967 ± 1759 and 29,446 ± 1934 cells/mm², respectively, along with mean nasal and temporal spacing of 6.47 ± 0.19 and 6.43 ± 0.21 μm, respectively. The case group showed mean nasal and temporal cone densities of 26,967 ± 1667 and 26,099 ± 2052 cells/mm², respectively, and mean nasal and temporal spacing of 6.72 ± 0.20 and 6.84 ± 0.28 μm, respectively. A significantly (p < 0.01) lower density and larger spacing of cones were observed in the case group compared to the control group.
conclusionsAO may detect retinal changes from HC toxicity before they become apparent on VF, SD-OCT, or mfERG.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39934354What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.