Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39934320›Full record

ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2026

Investigating DRD2 and HTR2A polymorphisms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a comparative analysis with other treatment-resistant mental disorders and the healthy state.

Antonio Del Casale, Giovanna Gentile, Simone Lardani, Martina Nicole Modesti, Jan Francesco Arena, Clarissa Zocchi, Ottavia De Luca, Giovanna Parmigiani, Gloria Angeletti, Stefano Ferracuti and 4 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Antonio Del CasaleDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Center for Precision Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy. antonio.delcasale@uniroma1.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2427-6944
Giovanna GentileDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Laboratory and Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Precision Medicine, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Simone LardaniDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Martina Nicole ModestiDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Jan Francesco ArenaDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Center for Precision Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Clarissa ZocchiDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Ottavia De LucaDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Laboratory and Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Precision Medicine, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Giovanna ParmigianiDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Gloria AngelettiDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Stefano FerracutiDepartment of Human Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Robert PreissnerStructural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
Maurizio SimmacoDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Laboratory and Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Precision Medicine, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Marina BorroDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Laboratory and Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Precision Medicine, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Maurizio PompiliDepartment of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Unit of Psychiatry, 'Sant'Andrea' University Hospital, 00189, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) by analysing genetic markers in dopamine and serotonin receptors. Conducted on a cohort of 221 patients with treatment-resistant mental disorders, the research focused on DRD2 and HTR2A gene variants-specifically, rs1801028, rs6314, rs7997012, and rs6311. The findings suggest specific associations between certain genetic variants and TRS. Notably, the HTR2A rs6314 A|G genotype and rs7997012 G|G genotype were significantly more prevalent in TRS patients compared to healthy controls (HCs). Haplotype analyses revealed associations between specific haplotypes-such as A|G (rs6314-rs7997012)-and TRS, indicating their potential predictive value for TRS versus HCs. The study underscores the involvement of the serotonergic system in TRS. These findings offer valuable insights into the genetic factors contributing to TRS, paving the way for future research and the development of personalised prevention and treatment strategies in psychiatry.

Indexed as

Receptors, Dopamine D2Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2ASchizophreniaSchizophrenia, Treatment-ResistantAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolymorphism, Single NucleotideDRD2 protein, humanHTR2A protein, humanReceptors, Dopamine D2Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2ADopamine D2 receptorHaplotypeMental disordersPharmacogenomicsPolymorphism geneticSchizophrenia treatment-resistantSerotonin 5-HT2A Receptor

Identifiers

PMID39934320
PMCPMC13002770

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.