Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39934286›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Assessment of heavy metals and microbial loads in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from different farms and rivers.

Raheel Suleman, Muhammad Aftab Zahoor, Muhammad Awais Qarni, Ibrahim A Saleh, Weili Rao, Majid Hussain, Tariq Ismail, Saeed Akhtar, Mohammad K Okla, Ibrahim A Alaraidh and 5 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Raheel SulemanDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. dr.raheel@bzu.edu.pk.
Muhammad Aftab ZahoorDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Muhammad Awais QarniDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Ibrahim A SalehFaculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan.
Weili RaoCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
Majid HussainDepartment of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Tariq IsmailDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Saeed AkhtarDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Mohammad K OklaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ibrahim A AlaraidhBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Gehad AbdElgayedIntegrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
Shah SaudCollege of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
Shah HassanDepartment of Agricultural Extension Education and Communication, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Taufiq NawazDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA.
Shah FahadDepartment of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. shah_fahad80@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metal contamination in water bodies globally poses risks to ecosystems and human health. In Pakistan, water sources are impacted by toxic metals and microbial pollutants, affecting Nile Tilapia, a widely consumed fish in Punjab. This study assessed heavy metal and microbiological contamination in Nile tilapia from the Ravi and Chenab Rivers and nearby farms (Head Muhammad Wala, Shorkot, and Rangpur). Heavy metals, including arsenic, chromium, cadmium, mercury and lead, were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Arsenic ranged lowest from 0.15 mg/kg (scales) to highest 1.38 mg/kg (Liver), while Chromium was found to be lowest 73 mg/kg in (scales) and highest 321.83 mg/kg (Liver) in Riverine Fish, whereas in farms fish As ranged lowest from 0.05 mg/kg (flesh) to highest 0.92 mg/kg (gills),while Chromium was found to be lowest 92 mg/kg in (skin) and highest 166.67 mg/kg (Liver). Riverine fish showed elevated heavy metal levels as compared to farmed fish. Moreover, Ravi River fish also showed the highest microbial loads, including total plate counts of 15,335 cfu/g, Salmonella at 373.11 cfu/25 g, and E. coli at 76.55 cfu/g, while Chenab River fish had a significantly higher coliform count (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that farmed fish are less contaminated due to reduced exposure to industrial effluents, emphasizing the need for further research on other commonly consumed fish species in high-industrial regions.

Indexed as

CichlidsMetals, HeavyRiversWater Pollutants, ChemicalAnimalsEnvironmental MonitoringFarmsPakistanMetals, HeavyWater Pollutants, ChemicalFishMetalsPollutionToxicityWater

Identifiers

PMID39934286
PMCPMC11814080

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.