Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39934211›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing using carbon screen printed electrodes in a microfluidic device.

Saranya Gopalakrishnan, Diksha Mall, Subramaniam Pushpavanam, Richa Karmakar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Saranya Gopalakrishnan *Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
Diksha Mall *Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
Subramaniam PushpavanamDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India. spush@iitm.ac.in.
Richa KarmakarDepartment of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India. rkarmakar@iitm.ac.in.

Funding

Ministry of Education, India PMRF ID:2503493Science and Engineering Research Board SRG/2023/002706Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust DBT India Alliance IA/E/20/1/505645
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of rapid, sensitive, and affordable antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is essential for controlling antibiotic overuse, thereby creating a critical checkpoint for the emerging antimicrobial resistance threat. Here, we introduce a novel method of electrochemical monitoring of bacterial growth in a diluted low-conductivity nutrient medium for rapid susceptibility testing using impedance spectroscopy. The method works on the change in charge transfer resistance exhibited by bacteria in response to antibiotics. The proposed Electrochemical Microfluidic device (ε-µD) employs low-cost carbon screen-printed electrodes and uses a simple microfluidic geometry. We explored the utilisation of a diluted nutrient medium as an electrolyte since it provides a higher charge transfer baseline signal for better sensitivity and supports the growth of the bacteria required for detection. The method enables sensitive detection of bacteria even at a low density of 84/mm

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCarbonLab-On-A-Chip DevicesBacillus subtilisDielectric SpectroscopyElectrodesEscherichia coliHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsAnti-Bacterial AgentsCarbonAntimicrobial susceptibility testingCarbon electrodesCharge transfer resistanceImpedance spectroscopyMicrofluidics

Identifiers

PMID39934211
PMCPMC11814112

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.