ArticleNature medicine2025
Epidemiological and genomic evolution of the ongoing outbreak of clade Ib mpox virus in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Seminal fluid enhances monkeypox virus infection via amyloidogenic fibrils.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Molecular cloning of a monkeypox virus clade IIb genome and construction of an attenuated mutant for basic and translational research.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Comparative pathogenicity study of monkeypox virus Clade Ib and Clade IIb in a rabbit model.Virulence · 2026Article
- Non-invasive environmental DNA sampling reveals tuberculosis risks at the human - Great Ape Interface in Africa.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Rapid diagnosis, genome sequencing and culture isolation of a monkeypox virus of clade Ib from a Ugandan during a professional stay in France.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Monkeypox virus clade IIb isolate exhibits reduced virulence relative to clade IIa isolates in multiple murine models.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Sustaining Mpox Surveillance, Research, and Care Integration in a Post-PHEIC, Resource-Constrained World.Viruses · 2026Review
- Mpox in Sierra Leone and the Mano River Union: an epidemic unfolding in real time.BMJ global health · 2026Review
- Mpox seroprevalence among sex workers and men who have sex with men preceding sustained urban outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- Recent advances in Mpox across innate immunity, evasion, and clinical outcomes.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Mpox and the one health approach.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- Case presentation of patients hospitalised with mpox (subclade Ib/2023sh) including children, adolescents, and adults in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: an observational cohort study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- In Silico Design and Computational Characterization of Novel Chimeric Multiepitope Antigens for Mpox Serosurveillance: An Immunoinformatics Approach.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Evidence of monkeypox virus clade IIb lineage A.2.2 in the Republic of the Congo and co-circulation of clade Ia, Ib and clade IIb.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Enhanced virulence of mpox virus clade Ib over clade IIb in the CAST/EiJ mouse model.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Characteristics and Transmission Dynamics of Global Travel-Related Mpox Cases Caused by Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Role of community and sexual contacts as drivers of MPXV clade I.Nature health · 2026Article
- Mpox in the Republic of Korea from 2022 to June 2026: Epidemiological Trends and the First Clade Ib Case.Public health weekly report · 2026Article
- Viral zoonotic disease outbreaks and response strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.One health outlook · 2025Review
- Immune profiling of mpox survivors reveals divergent durability of antibody and T cell responses.Nature communications · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
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Abstract
In September 2023, an ongoing mpox outbreak emerged in South Kivu (Democratic Republic of the Congo) that spread to other regions and countries. Here we describe the epidemiological and genomic evolution of the outbreak between September 2023 and June 2024. Samples were collected from hospitalized patients, along with data on residence and possible exposures. Employee numbers and locations were recorded for bars with sex workers. Where possible, exposures were linked to genomic sequencing data for cluster analysis. In total, 670 cases were admitted to Kamituga General Referral Hospital from 17 health areas. Among the cases, 52.4% were in females and 47.6% in males. The majority (83.4%) were linked to professional sexual interactions. Seven deaths occurred, and three healthcare workers acquired mpox. Eight out of 14 pregnant women had fetal loss. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three clade Ib clusters. Longer branches of a sequence clustering with sequences from Kenya, Uganda, Sweden and Thailand indicate more undocumented spread. Mutations were mostly APOBEC3-type mutations indicative of sustained human-to-human transmission. No clear link between sequence cluster, bar or health area was observed. These data suggest rapid spread mostly through sexual contact within densely populated areas. The spread to neighboring countries highlights the need for extended cross-border collaboration, health education strategies focusing on sex workers, contact tracing, clinical care and surveillance.
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