Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39933085›Full record

ReviewClinical journal of oncology nursing2025

Eligibility and Accessibility Barriers of Patient Assistance Programs for Oral Oncolytics in Patients With Cancer.

Emma Nunley, Ashley Martinez, Joyce E Dains

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical journal of oncology nursing, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Emma NunleyEmma Nunley.
Ashley MartinezAshley Martinez.
Joyce E DainsJoyce E. Dains.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe out-of-pocket cost of oral oncolytics led to the creation of patient assistance programs (PAPs) as an intervention to mitigate financial toxicity. Despite these programs, eligibility and accessibility barriers may disqualify patients from receiving financial assistance for prescribed oral oncolytics.

objectivesThe objective of this integrative review was to identify eligibility and accessibility barriers related to PAPs.

methodsA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed® and Ovid® databases for articles published from January 2014 through December 2023. Five articles were included in the review.

findingsEligibility and accessibility barriers of PAPs include insurance status, income ceilings, out-of-pocket costs, and prescription-to-initiation timeline delays. Overall, findings were mixed on what would qualify a patient for a PAP. Transparency from PAPs and the use of pharmacy-based interventions for PAPs can help clinicians efficiently prescribe oral oncolytics.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsEligibility DeterminationHealth Services AccessibilityMedical AssistanceNeoplasmsAdministration, OralAdultAgedFemaleHealth ExpendituresHumansMaleMiddle AgedAntineoplastic Agentscancerequityfinancial toxicityoral oncolyticspatient assistance programs

Identifiers

PMID39933085
PMCPMC12056856

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.