Observational studyPloS one2025
Severe outcomes of COVID-19 among adults with increased risk conditions: A population-based observational study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hospital Readmissions in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: A Retrospective Study in Northeastern Brazil.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploratory longitudinal cohort study of modest bilirubin-driven biochemical liver alterations after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a selected subgroup of patients with Wilson's disease and liver cirrhosis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Article
- Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding antiviral medications for COVID-19 among US adults.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe individual risk of severe outcomes following COVID-19 is poorly understood in populations with prior immunity. The lack of contemporary estimates limits support of timely diagnosis and antiviral treatment for individuals most likely to benefit.
objectiveTo determine the risk of severe outcomes following COVID-19 within strata of comorbidities, including patients without documented infection.
designPopulation-based cohort study utilizing electronic medical records and g methods to account for selection bias in the documentation of COVID-19 illnesses.
settingA large health system in northeastern United States. PATIENTS: Adults with increased risk conditions (90% vaccinated) and COVID-19 from June to December 2022. MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of composite of inpatient admission within 14 days and death within 28 days of COVID-19 diagnosis.
resultsAn estimated 265,248 patients with at least one increased risk condition developed COVID-19, including 76,996 documented cases. Severe outcomes occurred in 3344 (1.3%) patients following COVID-19- 3147 (1.2%) hospitalizations and 376 (0.14%) deaths. In the absence of treatment, individuals with few increased risk conditions (MASS of 3 or less) accounted for 57% of infections and 0.7% developed severe outcomes. In contrast, 2.3% of patients with multiple increased risk conditions (MASS 4 or greater) or severe immunocompromise experienced severe outcomes, including 81% of deaths. The observed risk reduction with antiviral treatment was -0.1% (-0.2 to 0.02%), -0.6% (-0.9 to -0.4%), -1.3% (-2 to -1%), and -1.9% (-3 to -1%) for patients with MASS 3 or less, MASS 4 and 5, MASS 6 or greater, and severe immunocompromise, respectively. LIMITATIONS: Estimated number COVID-19 cases cannot be directly verified.
conclusionsIndividuals with multiple medical conditions remain at substantial risk for severe outcomes of COVID-19 and benefit from treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.