ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2025
Rapamycin enhances CAR-T control of HIV replication and reservoir elimination in vivo.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- NK cell immunotherapy after analytic treatment interruption is associated with HIV viral control.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Recent advances in molecular mechanisms to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy for viral diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- mTORC1 inhibition upregulates CD20 and enhances anti-CD20 antibody efficacy in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Leukemia · 2026Article
- Functional SLC29A3/ENT3 drives autophagic clearance of intracellular viral particles.Virus research · 2026Article
- Recent advances in the construction of humanized animal models and applications in translational medicine.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Systematic Review of Immunosuppression After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Beyond Antiretroviral Therapy: Molecular and Immunological Innovations in HIV Treatment.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Porcine Beclin1 facilitates the proliferation of porcine circovirus type 2 by augmenting autophagy in PK-15 cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Interferon signaling pathways in health and disease.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Beyond monotherapy: Combination therapies for HIV-1 cure through joint application of neutralizing antibodies, genome editing, and reservoir management.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- NK cell immunotherapy administered at the time of HIV recrudescence is associated with viral control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- T-cell exhaustion in COVID-19: what do we know?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Metabolic reprogramming of CAR T cells: a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CAR-T cell therapy: A new dawn in the treatment of autoimmune disease.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy shows promise for various diseases. Our studies in humanized mice and nonhuman primates demonstrate that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) modified with anti-HIV CAR achieve lifelong engraftment, providing functional antiviral CAR-T cells that reduce viral rebound after antiretroviral therapy (ART) withdrawal. However, T cell exhaustion due to chronic immune activation remains a key obstacle to sustained CAR-T efficacy, necessitating additional measures to achieve functional cure. We recently showed that low-dose rapamycin treatment reduced inflammation and improved anti-HIV T cell function in HIV-infected humanized mice. Here, we report that rapamycin improved CAR-T cell function both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro treatment with rapamycin enhanced CAR-T cell mitochondrial respiration and cytotoxicity. In vivo treatment with low-dose rapamycin in HIV-infected, CAR-HSC mice decreased chronic inflammation, prevented exhaustion of CAR-T cells, and improved CAR-T control of viral replication. RNA-sequencing analysis of CAR-T cells from humanized mice showed that rapamycin downregulated multiple checkpoint inhibitors and upregulated key survival genes. Mice treated with CAR-HSCs and rapamycin had delayed viral rebound after ART and reduced HIV reservoir compared with those treated with CAR-HSCs alone. These findings suggest that HSC-based anti-HIV CAR-T cells combined with rapamycin treatment are a promising approach for treating persistent inflammation and improving immune control of HIV replication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.