Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39932658›Full record

ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2025

Clinical and Pathophysiological Tangles Between Allergy and Autoimmunity: Deconstructing an Old Dichotomic Paradigm.

Giuseppe A Ramirez, Chiara Cardamone, Sara Lettieri, Micaela Fredi, Ilaria Mormile

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Allergic Diseases and Risk of Incident Autoimmune Diseases: Phenotype-Specific Patterns and Multimorbidity Effects in a Nationwide Cohort.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Giuseppe A RamirezUnit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
Chiara CardamoneImmunorheumatology Unit, University Hospital "San Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi d'Aragona", Largo Città d'Ippocrate, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131, Salerno, Italy. ccardamone@unisa.it.
Sara LettieriPulmonology Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
Micaela FrediRheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Ilaria MormileDivision of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Complexity, AOU Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Allergic and autoimmune disorders are characterised by dysregulation of the immune responses to otherwise inert environmental substances and autoantigens, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Their incidence has constantly increased in the last decades, and their co-occurrence defies current standards in patient care. For years, allergy and autoimmunity have been considered opposite conditions, with IgE and Th2 lymphocytes cascade driving canonical allergic manifestations and Th1/Th17-related pathways accounting for autoimmunity. Conversely, growing evidence suggests that these conditions not only share some common inciting triggers but also are subtended by overlapping pathogenic pathways. Permissive genetic backgrounds, along with epithelial barrier damage and changes in the microbiome, are now appreciated as common risk factors for both allergy and autoimmunity. Eosinophils and mast cells, along with autoreactive IgE, are emerging players in triggering and sustaining autoimmunity, while pharmacological modulation of B cells and Th17 responses has provided novel clues to the pathophysiology of allergy. By combining clinical and therapeutic evidence with data from mechanistic studies, this review provides a state-of-the-art update on the complex interplay between allergy and autoimmunity, deconstructing old dichotomic paradigms and offering potential clues for future research.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesAutoimmunityHypersensitivityAnimalsDisease SusceptibilityHumansImmunoglobulin EMast CellsTh17 CellsTh2 CellsImmunoglobulin EAllergyAutoimmunityEpidemiologyPathogenesisTreatment

Identifiers

PMID39932658
PMCPMC11814061

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.