Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39932636›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of clinical pharmacy2025

Relative effectiveness and gastrointestinal safety of NSAIDs being prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections: an explorative cohort study in primary care.

Francesco Lapi, Ettore Marconi, Alberto Magni, Pierangelo Lora Aprile, Erik Lagolio, Ignazio Grattagliano, Diego Fornasari, Alessandro Rossi, Claudio Cricelli

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Article in International journal of clinical pharmacy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Francesco LapiHealth Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Via del Sansovino 179, 50142, Florence, Italy. lapi.francesco@simg.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4342-9128
Ettore MarconiHealth Search, Italian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Via del Sansovino 179, 50142, Florence, Italy.
Alberto MagniItalian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy.
Pierangelo Lora AprileItalian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy.
Erik LagolioItalian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy.
Ignazio GrattaglianoItalian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy.
Diego FornasariDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Alessandro RossiItalian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy.
Claudio CricelliItalian College of General Practitioners and Primary Care, Florence, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed to control pain, inflammation, and fever in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs).

aimTo explore the relative effectiveness and gastrointestinal (GI)-related safety of individual NSAIDs to control symptoms of URTIs.

methodUsing an Italian primary care data source, we identified patients aged ≥ 15 years who were newly prescribed NSAIDs for URTIs between 2013 and 2022. Switching to another NSAID for the same indication within the 30-day follow-up was a proxy for drug effectiveness. The study outcome for GI safety analysis was upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).

resultsIn a cohort of 57,971 patients, the most prevalent subgroups were those treated with ketoprofen (39.5%) and dexibuprofen/ibuprofen (22.4%). Ketoprofen showed the lowest rate of switching to another NSAID [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.40 (95% CI 0.20-0.83)] against acetylsalicylic acid/coxibs/diclofenac. Dexibuprofen/ibuprofen showed similar results [HR 0.50 (95% CI 0.22-1.10)], with no significant association. Ketoprofen and dexibuprofen/ibuprofen were prescribed as lysine and arginine salts in 85 and 6% of URTIs sufferers, respectively. Across NSAIDs, we did not find any significant difference in the risk of UGIB.

conclusionOur findings indicated that various NSAIDs may exhibit differing levels of effectiveness in treating URTIs, particularly those formulated for quick onset of action. No NSAIDs-UGIBs association was found. Further prospective, larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalGastrointestinal HemorrhagePrimary Health CareRespiratory Tract InfectionsAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesFemaleHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeYoung AdultAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalNSAIDsPrescriptionPrimary careRelative effectivenessUGIBURTIs

Identifiers

PMID39932636

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.